The auto industry has treaded lightly after a self-driving Uber . Toyota, for its part, hasn’t conducted autonomous driving tests since, and now the automaker’s looking to work out more complicated autonomous driving scenarios away from the public in a new private facility set to be constructed in Michigan.

The Toyota Research Institute, the automaker’s autonomous driving-focused unit, said Thursday that it’s constructing a 60-acre closed-course test facility in Ottawa Lake, Michigan, where it’ll have exclusive access to replicate demanding so-called “edge case” driving scenarios—ones Toyota said are too dangerous to test on public roads.

What sort of edge cases isn’t entirely clear, but Toyota gave a hint in a news release announcing the project, saying the facility will include “congested” urban environments, a four-lane divided highway with high-speed entrances and exit ramps, and “slick” surfaces to test on.

In a private environment, Toyota thinks it’ll have more “flexibility” to work out a number of driving scenarios that can aid the development of a safe, fully-autonomous car.

But that raises one of the most awkward, unsettling questions about autonomous driving? Can you actually perfect the technology in a closed environment? Testing these cars in the public has already proved fatal, but is it possible to perfect these systems without on-road situations? That’s the problem automakers and developers have to grapple with: Do these cars need to be deployed without handling tests in real-world environments—on public roads?

Toyota said construction permits were filed this week to build out the 60-acre site in Ottawa Lake, and the facility will be constructed inside the current location’s 1.75-mile oval test track (seen above). If all goes according to plan, Toyota says the site will be operational this October.